Kidneys filter blood, remove waste through urine, and help maintain water and electrolyte balance

CPR is an emergency procedure used when breathing and heartbeat stop. It includes chest compressions and rescue breaths

Arterial bleeding occurs from arteries and blood appears bright red because it contains high oxygen. It requires immediate control

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen from lungs to body tissues and transports carbon dioxide back to lungs

Cervical collar prevents neck movement after suspected spinal injury. Other spinal devices include spine board and vacuum mattress

Normal body temperature is 37C or 98.6F

Medulla Oblongata controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

A fracture occurs when a bone loses its continuity due to trauma, accident, or weakness.
Immobilization is important during first aid

A pulse oximeter measurs saturated oxygen and pulse rate. Normal Oxygen saturation is usually around 95% to 100%.

In emergency care, follow ABC principles, A for Airway, B for Breathing and C for Circulation